Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) is a surgical technique designed to remove cataracts, which are clouded areas in the lens of the eye that impair vision. This procedure is characterized by the creation of a small incision, typically measuring 2.5 to 3.5 mm, which allows for the removal of the cloudy lens while minimizing trauma to the eye. In MSICS, the surgeon first administers local anesthesia to ensure patient comfort during the procedure. Once the anesthesia takes effect, the surgeon carefully makes the small incision at the edge of the cornea. Utilizing specialized instruments, the surgeon then dissects the tissues surrounding the lens capsule, which houses the cataract. The next step involves partially liquefying the lens cortex with a technique called "nucleus division," allowing for easier removal of the hardened cataract without the need for complex phacoemulsification equipment. The lens is extracted through the small incision after this division, preserving the integrity of the surrounding tissues and ensuring faster recovery times. Following the removal, an intraocular lens (IOL) is often implanted to restore the eye's focusing ability. The advantage of MSICS lies in its efficacy and safety, as the smaller incision reduces the risk of complications, such as corneal edema or post-operative infections, and often enables faster healing compared to traditional cataract surgery methods. Additionally, the technique is particularly beneficial in regions with limited access to advanced medical technology, as it requires fewer specialized instruments and can be performed under a variety of settings, including rural clinics. Patients can usually expect improved vision within a day or two after the surgery, with many returning to their normal activities relatively quickly. Post-operative care typically involves prescribed eye drops and follow-up visits to monitor healing and vision improvement. Overall, manual small incision cataract surgery presents an effective solution for cataract treatment, particularly in low-resource areas, while maintaining high standards of patient care and surgical outcomes. Surgeons performing this procedure require significant skill and experience, especially in making precise incisions and managing the delicate anatomy of the eye. As advancements in surgical techniques and instruments continue to emerge, MSICS remains a vital option in cataract surgery, contributing to improved visual health for countless individuals worldwide and enhancing their quality of life. The enduring popularity of this method can be attributed to its favorable patient outcomes, making it a critical component of modern ophthalmic practice.
